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  <div class="section" id="s-using-django">
<span id="using-django"></span><h1>Using Django<a class="headerlink" href="#using-django" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Introductions to all the key parts of Django you’ll need to know:</p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html">How to install Django</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html#install-python">Install Python</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html#install-apache-and-mod-wsgi">Install Apache and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mod_wsgi</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html#get-your-database-running">Get your database running</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html#remove-any-old-versions-of-django">Remove any old versions of Django</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html#install-the-django-code">Install the Django code</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="db/index.html">Models and databases</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/models.html">Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/queries.html">Making queries</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/aggregation.html">Aggregation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/search.html">Search</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/managers.html">Managers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/sql.html">Performing raw SQL queries</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/transactions.html">Database transactions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/multi-db.html">Multiple databases</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/tablespaces.html">Tablespaces</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/optimization.html">Database access optimization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/examples/index.html">Examples of model relationship API usage</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="http/index.html">Handling HTTP requests</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/urls.html">URL dispatcher</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/views.html">Writing views</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/decorators.html">View decorators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/file-uploads.html">File Uploads</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/shortcuts.html">Django shortcut functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/generic-views.html">Generic views</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/middleware.html">Middleware</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/sessions.html">How to use sessions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html">Working with forms</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html#html-forms">HTML forms</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html#django-s-role-in-forms">Django’s role in forms</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html#forms-in-django">Forms in Django</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html#building-a-form">Building a form</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html#more-about-django-form-classes">More about Django <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Form</span></code> classes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html#working-with-form-templates">Working with form templates</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html#further-topics">Further topics</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="templates.html">Templates</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="templates.html#support-for-template-engines">Support for template engines</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="templates.html#the-django-template-language">The Django template language</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/index.html">Class-based views</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/intro.html">Introduction to class-based views</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/generic-display.html">Built-in class-based generic views</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/generic-editing.html">Form handling with class-based views</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/mixins.html">Using mixins with class-based views</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/index.html#basic-examples">Basic examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/index.html#simple-usage-in-your-urlconf">Simple usage in your URLconf</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/index.html#subclassing-generic-views">Subclassing generic views</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html">Migrations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#the-commands">The Commands</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#backend-support">Backend Support</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#workflow">Workflow</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#dependencies">Dependencies</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#migration-files">Migration files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#adding-migrations-to-apps">Adding migrations to apps</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#historical-models">Historical models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#considerations-when-removing-model-fields">Considerations when removing model fields</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#data-migrations">Data Migrations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#squashing-migrations">Squashing migrations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#serializing-values">Serializing values</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#supporting-python-2-and-3">Supporting Python 2 and 3</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#supporting-multiple-django-versions">Supporting multiple Django versions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="files.html">Managing files</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="files.html#using-files-in-models">Using files in models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="files.html#the-file-object">The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">File</span></code> object</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="files.html#file-storage">File storage</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="testing/index.html">Testing in Django</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="testing/overview.html">Writing and running tests</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="testing/tools.html">Testing tools</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="testing/advanced.html">Advanced testing topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="auth/index.html">User authentication in Django</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="auth/index.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="auth/index.html#installation">Installation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="auth/index.html#usage">Usage</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html">Django’s cache framework</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#setting-up-the-cache">Setting up the cache</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#the-per-site-cache">The per-site cache</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#the-per-view-cache">The per-view cache</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#template-fragment-caching">Template fragment caching</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#the-low-level-cache-api">The low-level cache API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#downstream-caches">Downstream caches</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#using-vary-headers">Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Vary</span></code> headers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#controlling-cache-using-other-headers">Controlling cache: Using other headers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#order-of-middleware">Order of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MIDDLEWARE</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="conditional-view-processing.html">Conditional View Processing</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conditional-view-processing.html#the-condition-decorator">The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">condition</span></code> decorator</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conditional-view-processing.html#shortcuts-for-only-computing-one-value">Shortcuts for only computing one value</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conditional-view-processing.html#using-the-decorators-with-other-http-methods">Using the decorators with other HTTP methods</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conditional-view-processing.html#comparison-with-middleware-conditional-processing">Comparison with middleware conditional processing</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="signing.html">Cryptographic signing</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="signing.html#protecting-the-secret-key">Protecting the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SECRET_KEY</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="signing.html#using-the-low-level-api">Using the low-level API</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html">Sending email</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#quick-example">Quick example</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#send-mail"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">send_mail()</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#send-mass-mail"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">send_mass_mail()</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#mail-admins"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mail_admins()</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#mail-managers"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mail_managers()</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#preventing-header-injection">Preventing header injection</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#the-emailmessage-class">The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EmailMessage</span></code> class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#email-backends">Email backends</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#configuring-email-for-development">Configuring email for development</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="i18n/index.html">Internationalization and localization</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="i18n/index.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="i18n/index.html#definitions">Definitions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="logging.html">Logging</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="logging.html#a-quick-logging-primer">A quick logging primer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="logging.html#using-logging">Using logging</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="logging.html#configuring-logging">Configuring logging</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="logging.html#django-s-logging-extensions">Django’s logging extensions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="logging.html#django-s-default-logging-configuration">Django’s default logging configuration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pagination.html">Pagination</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pagination.html#example">Example</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pagination.html#using-paginator-in-a-view">Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Paginator</span></code> in a view</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pagination.html#paginator-objects"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Paginator</span></code> objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pagination.html#invalidpage-exceptions"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InvalidPage</span></code> exceptions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pagination.html#page-objects"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Page</span></code> objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="python3.html">Porting to Python 3</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="python3.html#philosophy">Philosophy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="python3.html#porting-tips">Porting tips</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="python3.html#coding-guidelines">Coding guidelines</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security in Django</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#cross-site-scripting-xss-protection">Cross site scripting (XSS) protection</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-protection">Cross site request forgery (CSRF) protection</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#sql-injection-protection">SQL injection protection</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#clickjacking-protection">Clickjacking protection</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#ssl-https">SSL/HTTPS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#host-header-validation">Host header validation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#session-security">Session security</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#user-uploaded-content">User-uploaded content</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#additional-security-topics">Additional security topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html">Performance and optimization</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#general-approaches">General approaches</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#caching">Caching</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#understanding-laziness">Understanding laziness</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#databases">Databases</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#http-performance">HTTP performance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#template-performance">Template performance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#using-different-versions-of-available-software">Using different versions of available software</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="serialization.html">Serializing Django objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="serialization.html#serializing-data">Serializing data</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="serialization.html#deserializing-data">Deserializing data</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="serialization.html#serialization-formats">Serialization formats</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="serialization.html#natural-keys">Natural keys</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html">Django settings</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html#the-basics">The basics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html#designating-the-settings">Designating the settings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html#default-settings">Default settings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html#using-settings-in-python-code">Using settings in Python code</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html#altering-settings-at-runtime">Altering settings at runtime</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html#security">Security</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html#available-settings">Available settings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html#creating-your-own-settings">Creating your own settings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html#using-settings-without-setting-django-settings-module">Using settings without setting <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="signals.html">Signals</a><ul>
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